This policy brief addresses the issue of human trafficking on the border between Indonesia and Timor Leste. While trafficking activities take place within both countries, their use of Australia’s borders, particularly through air transit, carries important implications for national security. Understanding international trafficking flows into Australia is crucial to predicting patterns and trends, including who the victims are, their countries of origin, the reasons they are trafficked, and how they are trafficked.

This policy brief addresses the ongoing failure of the Australian government to develop a coherent, transparent, and sustainable approach to the repatriation of ISIS women returnees. In the years following the departure of Australians to Syria and Iraq to join ISIS from 2014 onwards, the Australian government adopted an increasingly securitised approach to managing the perceived threat posed by foreign fighters.